Plants Poisonous to Livestock - Animal Science

PLEASE NOTE:
"Poisonous" does not mean deadly. Some manifestations of toxicity are subtle. The dose, as always, determines if a plant is safe source of nutrients or a toxic hazard.

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Scientific Name	Common Name(s)	Species Most Often Affected	Parts Poisonous	Primary Poison(s)
Acer rubrum	Red maple, Swamp maple, Soft maple	horses	leaves	gallic acid
Allium spp.	Commercial Onions, Wild Onions, Swamp Onions, Chives	cattle, horses, children	bulbs, lleaves	SMCO
Amsinckia intermedia	Fiddleneck	horses, swine, cattle	seeds	intermedine, lycopsamine
Apocynum spp.	Dogbane	horses, cattle, humans, sheep, cats, dogs, goats	rhizome	apocynamarin
Chenopodium album	Lambs Quarters	cattle, horses, humans, sheep, swine	all	nitrates
Datura spp.	Jimsonweed, Downy Thornapple, Devils Trumpet, Angels Trumpet	cattle, humans, horses, goats	flowers, leaves, seeds	atropine, scopalamine, and hyoscyamine
Digitalis purpurea	Foxglove	cats, cattle, dogs, goats, horses, humans	flowers, leaves, seeds	cardiac or steroid glycosides
Eupatorium rugosum	White Snakeroot	cattle, dogs, goats, horses, humans, rabbits, sheep	all	tremetone
Euphorbia spp.	Poinsettia, Spurges, Snow on the Mountain	cattle, horses, humans, sheep	leaves, stems and sap	phorbol esters
Fagoypyrum esculentum	Buckwheat	horses, goats
Festuca arundinacea	Tall Fescue	cattle, horses	all	diaziphenanthrene, pyrrolizidine, and ergot
Gelsemium sempervirens	Jessamine	horses, goats	all	gelsemine
Glechoma spp.	Ground Ivy, Creeping Charlie, Gill over the ground	horses, goats	leaves, stems	unknown
Hypericum perforatum	St. Johns Wort, Klamath Weed	horses, sheep, goats	all	hypericum
Laburnum anagyroides	Golden Chain, Laburnum	cattle, dogs, horses, humans, swine	pods, seeds, all	cytisine
Lathyrus spp.	Sweet Pea, Tangier Pea, Everlasting Pea, Caley Pea, Singletary Pea	horses, rodents, turkeys, sheep, humans	seeds	DABA, ODAP, amine, phenol, glycoside
Metilotus alba and Melilotus officinalis	White Sweetclover, Yellow Sweetclover	horses, cattle, sheep	stem	dicoumarol
Nerium oleander	Oleander	horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, humans, goats	all, leaves, stems	nerioside, oleandroside, saponins, cardiac glycosides
Phytolacca americana	Pokeweed	cattle, sheep, humans, turkeys, swine, horses	all	phytolaccatoxin, phytolaccigenin
Prunus spp.	Wild Cherries, Black Cherry, Bitter Cherry, Choke Cherry, Pin Cherry	horses, cattle, moose, sheep, swine, goats	seeds, leaves	amygdalin, prunasin
Ranunculus spp.	Buttercup, Crowfoot	cattle, goats, horses	all	protoanemonin
Rheum rhaponticum	Rhubarb	goats, humans, swine, horses	leaves	anthraquinones, oxalate
Robinia pseudoacacia	Black Locust	horses, cattle, humans, poultry, sheep, goats	bark, leaves, seeds	robin, phasin
Solanum spp.	Common Nightshade, Black Nightshade, Horse Nettle, Buffalo Bur, Potato	cattle, humans, rodents, sheep, horses, goats	leaves, immature fruit	soladulcidine,solanine
Sorghum spp.	Sorghum, Milo, Sudan Grass, Johnson Grass	horses, cattle, goats	leaves, stems	dhurrin, nitrate
Rheum rhaponticum	Rhubarb	goats, humans, swine, horses	leaves	anthraquinones, oxalate
Vicia spp.	Common Vetch, Hairy Vetch, Narrow leafed vetch, purple vetch, broad beans	chickens, horses, humans	seeds	beta-cyano-L-alanine
Acer rubrum	Red maple, Swamp maple, Soft maple	horses	leaves	gallic acid
Acer saccharum	Sugar maple, Rock maple, Hard maple	horses	leaves	gallic acid
Acer saccharinum	Silver maple, Soft maple, White maple	horses	leaves	gallic acid

Department of Animal Science - Plants Poisonous to Livestock