Plants Poisonous to Livestock - Animal Science

PLEASE NOTE:
"Poisonous" does not mean deadly. Some manifestations of toxicity are subtle. The dose, as always, determines if a plant is safe source of nutrients or a toxic hazard.

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Scientific Name	Common Name(s)	Species Most Often Affected	Parts Poisonous	Primary Poison(s)
Aconitum spp.	Monkshood, Aconite, Wolfsbane	humans, cattle, goats	leaves, roots, all	aconitine
Aesculus spp.	Horse Chestnut, Buckeye	humans, cattle, goats	fruit	Unknown, possibly saportins, narcotic alkaloids, or glycosides.
Agrostemma githago	Corn Cockle	poultry, cattle, humans, goats	seeds	githagin
Allium spp.	Commercial Onions, Wild Onions, Swamp Onions, Chives	cattle, horses, children	bulbs, lleaves	SMCO
Amaranthus spp.	Pigweed	cattle, swine	leaves	nitrate
Amsinckia intermedia	Fiddleneck	horses, swine, cattle	seeds	intermedine, lycopsamine
Apocynum spp.	Dogbane	horses, cattle, humans, sheep, cats, dogs, goats	rhizome	apocynamarin
Asclepias spp.	Milkweed	sheep, cattle, goats	leaves, fruits, stems	desglucosyrioside, syrioside
Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.	Locoweed	horse,sheep, cattle	flowers, leaves, stems	selenium, nitro compounds, swainsonine
Brassica spp,	Rape, Cabbage, Turnips, Broccoli, Mustard	cattle, humans, swine, sheep, goats, poultry	roots, seeds	glucosinolates, brassica, anemia factor
Chelidonium majus	Celandine	cattle, humans	roots	isoquinoline alkoids
Chenopodium album	Lambs Quarters	cattle, horses, humans, sheep, swine	all	nitrates
Datura spp.	Jimsonweed, Downy Thornapple, Devils Trumpet, Angels Trumpet	cattle, humans, horses, goats	flowers, leaves, seeds	atropine, scopalamine, and hyoscyamine
Delphinium spp.	Delphiniums, Larkspurs	cattle, humans, goats	all	alkaloids delphinine, ajacine, and others
Dicentra spp.	Bleeding Heart, Squirrel Corn, Dutchmans Breeches	cats, cattle, humans	all	isoquinolone alkaloids
Digitalis purpurea	Foxglove	cats, cattle, dogs, goats, horses, humans	flowers, leaves, seeds	cardiac or steroid glycosides
Eupatorium rugosum	White Snakeroot	cattle, dogs, goats, horses, humans, rabbits, sheep	all	tremetone
Euphorbia spp.	Poinsettia, Spurges, Snow on the Mountain	cattle, horses, humans, sheep	leaves, stems and sap	phorbol esters
Festuca arundinacea	Tall Fescue	cattle, horses	all	diaziphenanthrene, pyrrolizidine, and ergot
Halogeton glomeratus	Halogeton	sheep, cattle	leaves, stems	soluble oxalates
Iris spp.	Irises	cattle, humans, swine	rhizomes and rootstocks	irisin, iridin, or irisine
Laburnum anagyroides	Golden Chain, Laburnum	cattle, dogs, horses, humans, swine	pods, seeds, all	cytisine
Lantana camara	Lantana, Red Sage, Yellow Sage, West Indian Lantana	cattle, dogs, goats, cats, humans, sheep	unripe, green berries	triterpenes
Linum usitatissimum	Flax	cattle, sheep	all	cyanogenic glycoside
Lotus corniculatus	Birdsfoot Trefoil	cattle, sheep		CN tannini
Lupinus spp.	Lupine	cattle, goats	seeds	lupinine, anagyrine, sparteine, and hydroxylupanine
Medicago sativa	Alfalfa, Lucerne	cattle, chickens, humans, sheep	all	canavanine, saponins
Metilotus alba and Melilotus officinalis	White Sweetclover, Yellow Sweetclover	horses, cattle, sheep	stem	dicoumarol
Nerium oleander	Oleander	horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, humans, goats	all, leaves, stems	nerioside, oleandroside, saponins, cardiac glycosides
Papaver spp.	Various Poppies including Opium Poppy	cattle, humans	all	codine, morphine, protopine
Phytolacca americana	Pokeweed	cattle, sheep, humans, turkeys, swine, horses	all	phytolaccatoxin, phytolaccigenin
Pinus ponderosa	Ponderosa Pine	cattle	needles, young shoots	unknown
Podophyllum peltatum	Mayapple, Mandrake	cattle, humans, swine	all	alpha- and beta- peltatin, podophylloresin
Prunus spp.	Wild Cherries, Black Cherry, Bitter Cherry, Choke Cherry, Pin Cherry	horses, cattle, moose, sheep, swine, goats	seeds, leaves	amygdalin, prunasin
Pteridium aquilinium	Bracken Fern	horse, cattle, sheep, humans, swine	all	prunasin, ptaquiloside, thiaminase
Quercus spp.	Oak Trees	horse, cattle	acorns, young leaves	gallotannins, quercitrin, and quercitin
Ranunculus spp.	Buttercup, Crowfoot	cattle, goats, horses	all	protoanemonin
Robinia pseudoacacia	Black Locust	horses, cattle, humans, poultry, sheep, goats	bark, leaves, seeds	robin, phasin
Rumex spp.	Dock	cattle, sheep	leaves	soluble oxalates
Sambucus canadensis	Elderberry	cattle, humans, goats	leaves, twigs, roots, unripe fruits	sambunigrin
Senecio spp.	Senecio, Groundsels, Ragwort	horse, cattle, goats, sheep, human	leaves	jacobine, seneciphylline
Solanum spp.	Common Nightshade, Black Nightshade, Horse Nettle, Buffalo Bur, Potato	cattle, humans, rodents, sheep, horses, goats	leaves, immature fruit	soladulcidine,solanine
Sorghum spp.	Sorghum, Milo, Sudan Grass, Johnson Grass	horses, cattle, goats	leaves, stems	dhurrin, nitrate
Tetradymia spp.	Horsebrush	sheep, cattle	leaves
Trifolium spp.	Alsike Clover, Red Clover, White Clover	horse, cattle	all, leaves	nitrate
Triglochin maritima	Arrowgrass	cattle, sheep	all, leaves, flowers	taxiphillin, triglochinin
Xanthium strumarium	Cocklebur	cattle, humans, rodents, swine	seedlings, seeds	carboxyatractyloside

Department of Animal Science - Plants Poisonous to Livestock